Civil cases deal with disputes between individuals or organisations. They are used to resolve disagreements and provide remedies such as compensation or court orders.

Starting a civil case

A civil case begins when a claim is filed with the Court.

Any person or entity can file a civil claim, but you must first make a reasonable attempt to resolve the issue.

For more information, see ‘Filing a civil case’.

What happens next

Once a claim is filed:

• the Court notifies the defendant
• the defendant is given time to respond
• the Court may hold preliminary hearings to clarify issues

Hearings and evidence

Civil cases are usually heard by a single Judge.

Both sides may present evidence and arguments. The Court may:

• set deadlines for evidence
• limit irrelevant or excessive material
• direct how evidence is presented

Decisions and outcomes

The Court decides whether the claim is valid.

If successful, the Court may grant remedies such as:

• orders requiring action or restraint
• compensation or other relief

For more information, see ‘Understanding court judgements and orders’.

Additional information

• The Court manages the process to ensure fairness and efficiency
• Failure to respond may result in a default decision